Good Field Practices

Tomorrow, we have an important lab meeting with summer coming up: good field practices. We will bring together the master and PhD-students working with us to talk about the do’s and don’ts in the field, and to learn from each other experiences on how to make data collection easier.

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Good field practices are important for an ecologist. In fact, it could not only mean the difference between good science and bad science, but also between happy scientist or sad, ill, or even dead scientist

I have been spending every summer since 2014 in the wonderful landscape of northern Scandinavia, and have seen mountains, cities and oceans. I have sampled plants, soils and insects, I slept in tents, huts and even under the open sky. What I learned is this: you cannot be prepared for everything, but you can at least try: being prepared can make your life a lot safer and easier.

Our little hut in the Skjomen valley

Thinking about the location: fieldwork often takes several days and if it is in a remote location, facilities might be limited. During my masters, I spent many rainy Norwegian nights in a sad tent on a patch of grass next to the road, until we discovered this amazing little hut in the forest. Now we have a toilet hut, a campfire place ànd a stove to keep us sane even when weather is horrible.

Good field practices is a very broad topic: there is personal hygiene, energy, weather protection and first aid; there is measurement tools, data back-ups and field site documentation. There is ticks, bears, interested passers-by, suspicious land owners and police officers. There is twisted ankles, tiredness and demotivation. Some of it you can fix, some of it you can’t. But all of it goes better with a bit of thought in advance.

Snow

Weather! Somewhere close to the top of the most important things to prepare for. I have been lost in the mist (make sure you have a gps, plenty of spare batteries, an old-school compass ànd a map, for if one or the other fails you), hunted by snow storms, burned by scoarching heat and bored out by annoying drizzle, all in exactly the same mountain pass.

Measuring soil water content in the mountains

Prepare for the worst for your science as well: this soil moisture sensor gave up on us while 400 km of the field station, and we did not have a spare one. No soil moisture for us, that time!

In Good Field Practices, your personal well-being, and that of your fieldwork crew comes first (which is exactly why we are organizing this lab meeting on this critical topic). If all of that is taken care off, it is the science: thinking about what data you want to collect and what your priority order is. You will never do exactly what you planned for (sometimes more, more often less), and there is always surprises.

You see, a critical lab meeting tomorrow, and one hour is most certainly far from enough. But it is an opportunity to get us talking and thinking together, and it should get them in the field with a better picture of what lies ahead than what I had at the start.

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On the radio

Last week, I got invited by the local radio to talk about our research. The presenter asked me if she would be taking some seeds home from the mountains when she would be travelling there next week. That got me talking, of course, about how our species are on the move, and how we are taking their seeds with us in the mud on our shoes or the tires of our cars.

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There was a nice example right outside the door of the radio-station: Japanese knotweed growing tall and dense above everything else. The presenter was highly surprised to find this exotic wonder right outside the frontdoor, but is probably going to be on the look-out for more now!

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These poppies also brightened the meadow next to the radiostation. A sign of hope for our biodiversity?

The reason for my 5 minutes of radio-fame was my nomination for the New Scientist Science Talent award, where I made it to the final 5 thanks to appreciation of the broader public and a professional jury for my work and how I am communicating it. The final ceremony is at the end of this month, in Utrecht, where I will defend our national honor as only Belgian scientist among 4 Dutch contestants. Fingers crossed!

You can listen to the full interview (in Dutch) here.

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Passing milestones

Today was a day of big numbers, for me and the SoilTemp-project we are working on: our database passed two fantastic milestones. We now have over 5000 loggers from more than 40 countries in the database, which I am currently patiently compiling.

Especially that last number is mind-boggling: friends and colleagues from over 40 countries in the world have generously offered their data to our growing project, believing we would do good science with it. And so we will!

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A whole new batch of loggers is ready to be installed this summer, to expand our growing network even further

A major step forward will come the beginning of next month, when a first SoilTemp-meeting will take place. We are proud to welcome a group of 35 experts microclimate and species distribution experts to Antwerp, for 3 days of exciting discussion about how to move forward with this unique dataset.

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The city of Antwerp will be the scene for our first international SoilTemp symposium, early June

After that, it will be a head on sprint towards the first results. And keeping up the tireless work to compile more data, as the non-European coverage of our dataset is still patchy. So I am finishing with another call: if you have soil temperature data, especially from outside Europe, please get in touch, as we will be able to do great things together!

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TADA

Last weekend, I did something a bit different from my usual science-ing: I got invited to give a workshop at ‘TADA‘, an organisation that gives ‘workshops for the future’, a Saturday school for economically disadvantaged children in the city of Brussels.

Those children come to school (mostly) by free will every Saturday, and learn about different professions in society. These weekly classes, every time with ‘real world people’ actually presenting their own jobs, opens up their world to everything that is out there and shows them how their future could look like. And they love it!

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I went there as a biologist (a word they had never even heard before), to tell them about ‘life in the city’. I showed them that even in a big city like Brussels, us humans live together with a lot of wildlife and plants. I taught them how to search for traces of this wild world outside the door, and awed them with the diversity of species that they could find if they looked, even in the city.

They learned a lot, enthusiastically matching the different traces to the correct species. For me, it was another great excercise to broaden up my research, and highlight those parts that are relevant for everybody, even for the children of the suburbs of Brussels. That main message is: us humans are dramatically changing the ecosystem for plants and animals. By changing the climate, yes, but also much more directly by just living the way we live, in our cities, villages and far beyond. And that is important to realize, even (or especially so) if the feral pigeon is the only bird you’ll notice all day.

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An anticipated package

Last week brought a fantastic and long-anticipated present from the Czech Republic in my mail: two heavy boxes with over a hundred TOMST TMS-4s. That name is a code for something that I would call without exaggeration a new era in microclimate monitoring.

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Testing our new TMS4s in the field, before shipping them off to Scandinavia for their real duties

Faithful followers of this blog should by now know that I am a strong advocate for measuring climatic conditions right where it matters for plants and other organisms. I want us all to get away from the coarse-scaled decennial climate averages based on weather station data, as for most organisms, these climatic values are strongly decoupled from the conditions they actually experience.

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I have been pushing a lot for the measurement of topsoil temperature (with our recent SoilTemp-initiative as a good example), as these temperatures are close to the core of the environment for many organisms and allow to take into account the strong mismatch between air and surface temperatures (e.g. under the snow or on the forest floor).

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Yet we can – and should – do better! Soil temperature is a huge improvement over air temperature, but there is a lot more relevant parameters to measure. Our colleagues at TOMST and the Institute of Botany of the Czech Republic developed, tested and commercialized a major step forward in that regard: the TMS Temperature and Moisture Sensor. These little white mushrooms not only measure soil temperature, but also surface ànd air temperature close to the soil surface. Moreover, they measure soil moisture, a crucial driver of plant life (and soil climate). As such, the sensor simulates a small plant, measuring the main climatic conditions that plant would experience.

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The TMS4, with the mushroom head to protect against the sun (left), and the soil moisture sensor (in green, on the right)

To anybody in need of accurate microclimatic conditions for organisms living close to the soil surface, I highly recommend these, especially because they sound very promising regarding battery life and memory size. And if you do buy them, consider submitting the resulting observations to our growing SoilTemp-database!

If you want to read more about these loggers, I can recommend you the new paper from Wild et al. (2019), describing them in detail. Now please excuse me, I have to go write project proposals to buy a ton more of these gems!

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iNaturalist

Natural history – the science of nature observation – has taken a rocket into the 21st century, and I love it. The ‘rocket’ I am talking about is called iNaturalist, and it is an app that allows anybody in the world to take pictures of the living world around them and upload them on the website. Yes, dusty old herbaria and insects on alcohol are still a thing, but observing species has become a lot easier and faster lately.

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Wood anemone

Once you have taken a picture of a living thing and uploaded it to the app, a deep learning method – based on the huge database of correctly identified organism pictures – gives you a suggestion of which species you have observed. Such apps are popping up like mushrooms in the last years (I positively reviewed Pl@ntnet here earlier), but iNaturalist, which celebrated its 10th anniversary last year, is different in a crucial way.

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The alpenrose

iNaturalist is more than a robot recognizing plants and animals. It’s a community. It’s a social network of naturalists and nature enthusiasts, as of today (it’s a busy week at iNaturalist) 130 thousand (!) strong across the globe. If you upload a picture and give it a name, either with the help of the robot or based on your own knowledge, the community will check your observation and verify the ID. If the community agrees, your observation becomes ‘research grade’. And that is particularly awesome.

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Two observations at once! A skipper on a thistle, in the Chilean Andes

Research grade means that the identification is sufficiently trustworthy for it to be used for research. That is, people like me, ecologist, biogeographers, scientists interested in the distribution of species, get another data point to work with. The data gets automatically fed in into GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the huge database of species distribution data that is used by countless ecologists in their research.

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iNaturalist is especially well suited to map biodiversity in our cities

And you know what? For so many of our questions, all we scientists need to know is where a species occurs. The coordinates of its location. It is as simple as that. So if you see a species – boring or cool, common or rare, snap a picture of it and upload it to iNaturalist, you are basically giving us a datapoint to work with. And that is just awesome. You should try it out! I promise you, we ecologists will make good use of your input. It can be crucial in our ongoing job to save as much biodiversity as we can, in a world with rapidly changing climate and land use. As all is changing so fast, every observation may count.

Even yours.

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Allium ursinum, wild garlic, an easy one to identify for the iNaturalist robot

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