Meetings

Covid19 has totally transformed the way we go about life. Making this statement after half a year of this virus dominating all global news is truly knocking down an open door, and yet, I wondered what our trusted numbers could tell about the size of the impact on my own work.

In particular I wondered how much of my time would go to meetings, being everything from a one on one talk in the hallway with supervisor or student to a full blown international conference. So I took another deep dive in my Timeular time tracking data:

Meeting time

Number of hours (left) and percentage of my working time (right) spent on meetings since the start of my postdoc in October 2018. Plotted line from a generalized additive model, vertical line marks the day we started our semi-lockdown and working from home here in Belgium.

So what do the numbers say? Intriguingly much, actually. First of all, there is a clear drop in amount of time spent in meetings after the lockdown, going from on average 8.7 hours to only 5.8 per week. There is also a clear drop in the summer months (around month 7), which seems to turn into something even more explicit this year. When correcting for the slightly lower workload during the lockdown, the difference is a bit smaller (right), yet we still drop from 22% to 15% on average.

So what about the amount of meetings? With 22% we have a big chunk of time dedicated to meetings pre-corona. I do think this is fair, though. As an international ecologist embedded in several global networks and with a team of students at work, a main part of my time goes to talking to other people, to keep ideas flowing, spark new projects and decide on ways to move forward.

The drop to 15% is thus a double-edged sword. I have a few hypotheses of what is actually going on:

  • Meetings are becoming more efficient. As they got less ‘cosy’, we seem better at focussing on what the meeting is truly about. And as everyone seems swamped in Zooms and Skypes, there seems to be more of an urge to stay within a one-hour limit. Good thing!
  • We lost the international conferences. Notice all the spikes in the graph pre-corona? Weeks with over 50% of time spent on meetings? That’s those large gatherings (with two conferences in Iceland and Sweden largely driving the uptick just before the lockdown in March). Important for networking and boosting new projects, especially when starting up a global database like SoilTemp. However, usually not so time-efficient for what comes out of them, so dropping those is a mixed-bag.
  • We lost the spontaneous chats in the hallway. Those I was very fond of, and especially with my supervisor those are where the best ideas came from. Again, however, there could be a lack of efficiency there as these can often wander off in less urgent matters. The result? Less sparks for unexpected cool new projects and analyses, more time gained to finish what’s already ongoing…
  • People are busier, leaving less time for them to meet with me. As the virus has hit everybody in a different way, this is a bit harder to judge from my side, yet I see it very likely that many people have put many projects on hold, making meetings with me less of an urgent matter.
  • Students are more isolated. This is a real concern, that there is a big drop in time I spent supervising the students in the team. However, I have kept the students as my main priority. We did regular meetings with The 3D Lab throughout the spring, and I have been checking in on all of them as much as I could. Nevertheless, there is undeniably less one on one-time with them, with many of the interactions moving to email or chat, leaving them more vulnerable. Not such a good thing…

There is probably many more explanatory variables at work, so checking in with the reader: did you see a change in meeting times pre- and post-corona lockdown? What would you say is driving these changes?

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View from the home office when lunchtime is approaching

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Tiny blessings

WhatsApp Image 2020-07-06 at 10.23.24.jpegThis might not look like much to you, but the picture on the right is a massive success-story!

What you are looking at, is tiny clover-seedlings, sown last autumn in the barren climate of the northern Scandinavian mountains.

This means two things, both of them as extraordinary:

1) They germinated! What a relief, every time, to see these tiny fragile things emerging from the soil, after having been covered in snow and beaten off freezing conditions for months.

2) Someone is there to witness them! Yes, it is still corona-times, and no, we didn’t make it up north ourselves. But  thanks to the amazingly kind offer of the local fieldwork team, our fieldwork is happening anyway, and only very little will get lost!

Both of these things combined have another important consequence: the experiment from Jan is a success, bringing his PhD-project a huge jump forward.

More soon!

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Goodbye!

Two big achievements yesterday: two of our master students defended their thesis, and will thus be able to put an endmark behind their education! A big congratulation to both Ilias Janssens and Bram Vanheule for all they achieved.

Ilias

Virtual trial thesis defence by Ilias Janssens, discussing his cool results on patterns in plant community traits in the Scandinavian mountains

Ilias studied the relative importance of climate and disturbance as driver of plant community traits, using a huge dataset of plant traits from over 160 species from the Scandinavian mountains. Main result: local disturbances like roads and trails have surprisingly small effects on community traits in comparison with large-scale drivers such as temperature.

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Trial defence by Bram, exploring the role of urban heat islands on plant invasions

Bram had a much different arena to work in: Western European cities. His question: how do non-native plant species perform during a heatwave along a gradient from city to rural zones. The conclusion? Urban Heat Island effects are much less important than we anticipated; it is at the smallest scale (e.g. amount of soil available around the plants) that stress-levels are defined.

We hope to bring you more details on these fascinating topics soon, but for now wish the students all the best in their upcoming careers.

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10.000

Cartogramf

Cartogram showing the number of sensors in the SoilTemp-database. Countries colored and inflated based on the number of sensors.

We reached a milestone today: our SoilTemp database now hosts more than 10.000 sensors[1]! To celebrate this achievement – and the great news that our call for data in Global Change Biology is now published in its final format – I wanted to use our previous research to convince you why it is important to bother with this humongous task to compile a multi-thousand sensor database[2].

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Figure 2: In our seed-addition experiment on north- versus south-facing mountain slopes, invader biomass increased significantly in warmer plots (expressed as Growing Degree Days, the sum of daily mean temperatures from days above 0 °C). Data from Lembrechts et al. 2017.

 

It all started during my PhD-work on high-latitude invasions in the northern Scandes and the southernmost tip of the Andes. We quickly realized that performance of our studied non-native plants related significantly to the local soil temperature – more than to the macroclimate gradient (Fig. 2).

 

 

It is during these experiments that we realized the issue at hand: this soil climate we measured seemed critical for studies on organisms living close to – or in – the soil, yet we lacked good high-resolution gridded maps to scale up our measurements.

Further prodding in the cold and snow-rich mountain range of the northern Scandes, confirmed our hypothesis: modelling the distribution of small plants works significantly better using soil than air temperature (Fig. 3).

Graphical abstract

Figure 3: summary of the results from Lembrechts et al. (2019).

We knew the importance of microclimate for ecology was gaining interest everywhere, however, and reviewed the great studies showing that microclimate can improve species distribution models. This review however emphasized the gap: we didn’t have high resolution microclimate data over a large spatial extent (Fig. 4)!

That is when plans started to materialize, and we set to work to fill that gap in our available data: the idea for SoilTemp was born. We started gathering the brightest minds in microclimate research, and brought together all their painstakingly collected regional microclimate datasets.

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Figure 4: Workflow describing how in-situ microclimate measurements (as in the SoilTemp-database) can help calibrate and validate existing mechanistic models of present and future microclimate. Figure from Lembrechts and Lenoir (2020).

In the meantime, the potential for mechanistic microclimate modelling increased rapidly, a.o. thanks to the work from Ilya Maclean and Mike Kearney (Fig. 4). This created even more need for a global database, which would allow for large-scale calibration and validation of these models. Importantly, our ongoing efforts to build such a database are just the first steps: we’ll need long-term microclimate time series, and match them up with time series of biodiversity change and known physiological relationships (see Lembrechts, 2020).

Figure 1Even more importantly: we need to predict future microclimate, and how it is shaped by the interaction with changes in land use and biodiversity itself (see figure on the right). This is fundamental to allow accurate predictions of the fate of biodiversity in the future.

 

Now look again at the cartogram above. There is some crucial work to do to improve the global coverage[3], but we are working on it. We have been shipping loggers to many of the empty holes in the map, and countless enthusiastic researchers from all over the world keep reaching out to us with more data.

 

We will keep doing this, and invite you all to stay tuned and, even better, join this quest for better climate data for use in ecology! Next up: usable global soil climate products so our ecological models can finally get the true microclimate data they deserve.

 

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Microclimate logger in the Swedish mountains. Picture: Jan Clavel

Footnotes

[1] And many more still await processing in the coming weeks!

[2] Thanks Jonathan Lenoir for promoting these fascinating maps!

[3] And I truly believe filling this gaps is critical, both to get broad representation of all the Earth’s biomes, but also of a broad range of scientists from across all continents

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#togetherforbiodiversity

Biodiversity is essential for our survival and well-being. It nourishes and heals us. It provides us with oxygen and pure water. Biodiversity takes care of us, but it is in danger. Change and action are urgently needed to protect life on Earth, including ours. However, we can all do our bit to protect our biodiversity, which is why we now joint forces with numerous Belgian nature associations, universities and knowledge centres. Visit https://samenvoorbiodiversiteit.be/nl to learn all about the campaign. And above all: find simple individual or joint actions and tips to contribute to the conservation of our biodiversity. Every action counts, as it’s the sum of them all that will make all the difference.

Red de biodiversiteit, samen en nu'; coalitie van 39 natuur- en ...

More at: https://samenvoorbiodiversiteit.be/nl/ (in Dutch or French). Act with us!

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Early drought

Europe is suffering from extremely early spring drought. And again, as every year, our water use is back on the agenda. And it should be: water availability might become one of our society’s biggest problems. In fact, it already is: a Flemish municipality already had no water coming out of the tap at all, with even the firefighters getting in trouble to put out fires.

An extreme case, but it should serve as a warning: here in Flanders the water management is still focussed on the idea that the region is getting TOO MUCH rain. Let me tell you, if it ever was true, it is not anymore. We should stop managing our land to get rainwater removed as fast as possible. And, importantly, we should get rid of this attitude that water is an endless resource, and react surprised when we run out of it. Drought is our future, and we should all adapt our mindsets to this.

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Our cities are concrete jungles where rain water is supposed to run off into the drainage system as fast as possible. Here: a non-native Buddleja next to the A12 highway, Flanders

The impact of this dry weather can be seen clearly in the trial of our drought- and heat citizen science project, running in my garden (see figure).

Drought

The current drought spell is already drying out lawns since early April, with only two little showers and one rain spell to reduce the losses. The problem is that it is still so early in the summer season and already soil moisture levels dropped extremely low. As you can see by the rainy days beginning of May, we will need more than a week of continuous raining to get the lawn water back on track. While soil moisture in the cool and shadowy spot under the shrubs (blue line) was holding on till early May, the flushing leaves of the shrubs now brings down the moisture even faster. Plants are needing all the water they can get, and not much is coming in to compensate.

And there is no salvation on the horizon: there seems to be another ten days of little rain on the way, draining the lawns even more. You might want to brace for dry lawns in summer. Don’t worry about those, though, lawns are resilient and very often grow back!

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