Winter to summer

Winter is here in Belgium, bringing gusts of frost, snow and icy rain that make for cold noses and toes.

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Little snow hat on an Ilex at our university building

With all that cold, I am getting pretty ‘warmed up’ about our upcoming fieldwork trip to South America. Next week, we are sending a little delegation to Concepcíon, Chile and Mendoza, Argentina to collect data for some of our many fascinating MIREN-projects.

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We are visiting some of our long-term MIREN-collaborators, so besides warm fieldwork days, I am also really looking forward to a warm welcome from colleagues and friends that we get to see so little.

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Early morning snowy walk close to Mechelen, Belgium

The main goal: gathering data for our projects on mycorrhizae, biotic interactions and plant traits, and their role in species redistributions along mountain roads!

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The river Zenne on a frozen morning

So stay tuned, as the landscapes on these pictures are likely to get a lot more exciting soon!

 

 

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Green living things

There is an interesting challenge around, inspired by a comic from xkcd, in which scientists try to explain their research with only the thousand (or better: “ten-hundred”) most common words in the English language. Well, that’s the kind of challenge I can stand behind! It makes for fun reading, but also challenges the scientist to go ‘back to basics’ with what their working on. Here is my attempt about the ‘green living things’ I work with (yes, ‘plants’ is not in the list):

We study green living things moving away from their homes as the world gets warmer and more filled with people. We want to get better at knowing why they are moving and where they are going. Green living things can not walk on their own, but we see that we humans take them with us if we go somewhere. We also change the places where they grow with all the building and working we do, which some green living things like, but many others don’t.

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A green living thing living in a warm place

If we know why the green living things are living where they are, and not where they are not, we can get a good idea of what they will do later, when everything will be very different!

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Paris

Passing through Paris today on my way to Amiens for a meet-up with colleagues. Looking forward to great science!

Paris, so close to home, yet it feels so different from Belgium!

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The state of biogeography

The yearly meetings of the International Biogeographical Society (IBS) provide the perfect opportunity to learn the latest about what is happening in this fascinating field (which focusses on the distribution of species on our planet, in past, present and future). Here, I would like to give you a short impression of what a brief visit to Malaga thought me in that regard, brightened up with some pictures of a short evening walk in the area.

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All pictures taken in Parque del Guadalhorce, Malaga

First of all: biogeography is more alive than ever! This old discipline (dated back to some of histories finest biologists) seems to have been revamped recently, as the accelerating changes on our planet triggered new questions and a frantic search for solutions for our biodiversity before it is too late. The problem of global change needs biogeography to be solved, period. Yet it is not only these new and fascinating questions that triggered this revival, it is also the new tools that are currently at hand to answer these questions. And the meeting of the IBS in Malaga provided some fascinating examples of those, many of whom got me very excited to apply them in our own research.

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There is the data (oh, the data, so much data!), with nowadays a flurry of global databases, and datasets happily being shared between collaborators all over the globe. Our own SoilTemp-database and the MIREN-network are only two examples of those, and I was humbled to see some of the other major efforts that are out there. Data might seem boring to some, yet good and plentiful data is the basis of any conclusive answer to any scientific question.

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With these datasets becoming increasingly more complex, and the answering of ever-more fascinating questions thus within reach, there is a need for good models to process all of that. Luckily, practical statistical packages, freely available, are popping up everywhere, and the community of statistical enthusiasts on the internet happy to help others is bigger than ever. Caution is needed, however, as biogeography is a field where it is easy to get beautiful yet untrustworthy results if one is a bit careless with his statistics. Again, statistics might not seem so attractive to the casual reader of this blog, but I promise you: good statistical models might be saving the world!

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Finally, an observation which is key for any science communication: the visuals are improving rapidly. Maps, graphs, animations, even cartoons; quality of them is clearly on the rise, as scientists are getting more and more aware that a clear and attractive figure is the best way to convince the rest of the world of the importance of their work. And this communication is reaching beyond the simple gatherings of like-minded scientists: many biogeographers realize they have something important to say to the world, and are not too shy to say it.

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So, as usual I am heading home from the IBS-meeting with a suitcase full of great ideas and a pile of positivity, and most of all the feeling that biogeography is answering some of our times most critical questions. The world is changing rapidly – perhaps even faster than scientists can study it – but the whole community is dedicated to improve our understanding of these changes, and come up with solutions.

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Malaga

Next week will bring me to Malaga, Spain, to a conference of the International Biogeography Society (IBS), a network of ecologists interested in the distribution of species.

I will go there as a representative of my two favourite global networks: MIREN, the Mountain Invasion Research Network, and SoilTemp, our network for the use of soil temperature data in distribution modelling. Both have broadly the same goal: improving our understanding of where species are living, and how the changing climate and human land use affect these distributions.

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Last year’s meeting of the IBS was in Évora, Portugal, where we hosted a session on what the strong climatic gradients in mountains can teach us about current species distributions

Such questions are well-appreciated at the IBS, where biodiversity and where it is occurring is the main topic of discussion. To me, the main goal of the conference will be to find collaborators for our SoilTemp-project: people who collected soil temperature in the framework of their own studies, and that are willing to join forces with me.

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The SoilTemp-network keeps expanding, but there are still a lot of gaps to fill on the world map. We are hoping to fill some of these empty voids at the upcoming IBS-meeting in Malaga.

I will keep you updated about my Spanish adventures, and will hopefully return home with a lot of great new science!

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2018 in stories (2)

Following good-old traditions, we end the year with an overview of the most viewed posts on this blog from the past 12 months. In a previous post, we started our overview of 2018 with the 5 most viewed posts of the first half of the year.  Now, I bring you part 2 of ‘2018 in stories’, with more species on the move, mountain roads and trails, and a lot of microclimate!

6) Running off the road

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Summer brought a long-anticipated paper from the MIREN-network: we knew a lot about non-native species using mountain roads to hitchhike their way to high elevations, but very little was known if they could then subsequently start invading the natural vegetation from there. This story gives the much-needed answer.

7) SoilTemp

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Perhaps the biggest story of the year, and one that will cause major waves into 2019 and far beyond, was the launch of our SoilTemp-database project back in August. With this post, we first invited all scientists to submit their soil temperatures and associated ecological data to our database. Now, by the end of the year, we already incorporated data from over 3200 loggers from 24 different countries, with no sign of submissions slowing down yet! Check out the website here.

8) Mapping the trail survey

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Our MIREN Trail Survey again enters this list in the second part of the year. In this post, we gave a first visual overview of all the data that had been submitted to our trail project by all participants from all over the world by the end of last summer. At the same time, we launched a new call for people from the southern hemisphere to keep an eye out on the mountain trails for our focal species, as their summer was only starting.

9) The climate the organism feels

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Another major accomplishment this year was the publication of our review on the use of microclimate in species distribution models. We brought together all knowledge the scientific community has so far in that regard, and designed a way forward for the field towards the future. We strongly believe all the necessary tools and knowledge are in place now to model the distribution of species based on the climate as they experience it, instead of some rough average from weather huts. You can read our argumentation here.

10) Dovre

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The last major story of this year covered our meeting in Dovre, Norway, in a snowy November. Another story that mostly looks at the future: we came together to officially kick-off the PhD-trajectory of Ronja, who will be studying the role of mountain trails as drivers of vegetation change in the years to come. This post summarizes our plans, generously spiced up with pictures of the beautiful fieldwork region.

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